1. Lexics to the text:
• a flowering plant - цветковое растение
• to consist of - состоять из
• the root system - корневая система
• the shoot system - надземная система
• to anchor the plant - закреплять растение
• to absorb water and salts - высаывать воду и соли
• to manufacture food - производить пищу
• seeds - семена
• in order to examine - для того чтобы рассмотреть
• to pull up - выдернуть
• a main root - основной корень
• lateral roots - боковые корни
• to store food - запасать пищу
• the same size - одинаковый размер, величина
• clearly defined - четко выраженный
• fibrous - волокнистый, мочковатый
• a stem - стебель
• buds - почка, бутоны
• woods - древовидная
• hairy - покрытая волосками
• to arrange - распологать (ся)
• to be attached - прикрепляться
• a node - узел
• at the top of the stem - на кончике стебля
• to support the leaves - удерживать листья
• vice versa - наоборот
• to permit the exchange of gases - осуществлять обмен газов
2. Read and translate the text:
A typical flowering plant consists of two parts - the root system and the shoot system.
The main functions of the root system are to anchor the plant in the ground and to absorb water and mineral salts; the main functions of the shoot system are to manufacture food and produce flowers and seeds. In order to examine the root system pull up some plant carefully and wash the roots. You will see that it has a main root which grows straight downwards into the soil, branching from it numerous lateral roots. This whole mass of roots is called the root system.
In some plants the main root may serve to store food. In other plants such as the grasses there is no clearly defined main root but a number of roots of the same size. Such a system is called fibrous.
The shoot system consists of a branched stem bearing leaves, buds and perhaps flowers and fruits.
The stem is erect, cylindrical and strong. The lower part is woody while the upper part is green, more tender and hairy. For some distance above ground level there are no leaves but tiny leaf scars left when the leaves withered and fell off. The leaves are arranged spirally round the stem; the part of the stem to which the leaf is attached is called a node and the part between two leaves is an internode.
At the top of the stem, if there are no flowers, the leaves are small, very close together and form a bud.
The main functions of the stem are to support the leaves and flowers and to carry materials from the roots to the leaves and vice versa. In some plants stems are also used to store food.
The main functions of the leaf are to manufacture food for the plant and to permit the exchange of gases between the plant and the air.
3. Answer the questions:
• What parts does a typical flowering plant consist of?
• What are the main functions of the root system?
• What are the main functions of the shoot system?
• What do we call fibrous?
• How are the leaves arranged round the stem?
• What are the main functions of the stem?
• Whose functions are to manufacture food for the plant and to permit the exchange of gases between the plant and the
air?